#1 - See, for example, Doyle Mcmanus, "American Ghosts in the Gulag," Los Angeles Times, July 29, 1991: 1, citing materials obtained through the Freedom of Information Act bt Seattle reporter Mark Sauter:

From a German POW released by the Soviets around 1953: "Tuischet Camp... American officer of US Air Force. Kidnapped in November 1950, by Soviets in the Societ sector of Vienna. About 30 years of age; tall, blond hair, blue eyes; limped badly and had to use crutches."

From a source whose identity remains classified:"Labor Camp No. 7, Vorkuta {USSR}... American officer... While on duty on zonal border {between West Germany and East Germany} had been kidnapped by Soviets who threw a bag over his head, dragged him into their car and drove them to East Germany."

We have never seen any contemporary news accounts, or recent journalistic investigations in depth, of such kidnappings or disappearances, unlike the considerable coverage afforded aircraft shootdowns.

#2 - New York Times, July 17, 1956: 4. This material, and the list of crewmembers aboard the aircraft, is repeated virtually verbatim in a list of missing Americans from Cold War incidents - primarily shootdowns - forwarded to the Russian Government in early January 1992 by the State Department. The list was originally compiled by the Defense Intelligence Agency. It is cited later in this memorandum as January 1992 US Government List.

#3 - Facts on File, 1956: 267.

#4 - Chris ISon, "Eddie Berg's Parents See Hope in Tentative MIA Agreemen; Air Force Gunner's Plane Shot Down in 1952" Minneapolis Star-Tribune, January 23, 1992: 4.

#5 - New York Times, July 17, 1956: 4, citing the US diplomatic note verbatim. See also January 1992 US Government List.

#6 - "Russia Charges US Jets Violated Siberia Territory," New York Times, December 17, 1956; 5; Facts on File, 1952: 378.

#7 - Ibid.

#8 - Facts on File, 1951: 371, 378.

#9 - Ibid.

#10 - This information is repeated verbatim in JAnuary 1992 US Government List.

#11 - New York Times, July 17, 1956: 4.

#12 - Information from attached issue brief and report.

#13 - January 1992 US Government List.

#14 - Ibid.

#15 - New York Times, July 31, 1953: 1,2.

#16 - Ibid. Names of two other known dead not available.

#17 - New York Times, September 6, 1954: 1.

#18 - Information from attached CRS issue brief and report.

#19 - Information from attached CRS issue brief and report.

#20 - Information from attached CRS issue brief.

#21 - "US Asks Peiping to Pay For Plane," The New York Times, September 12, 1956: 5; Facts on File, 1956: 283.

#22 - "US Asks Peiping to Pay For Plane," The New York Times, September 12, 1956: 5.

#23 - "Search is Pressed For Typhoon Plane," New York Times, September 12, 1956: 5.

#24 - Ibid.

#25 - New York Times, June 30, 1958: 7.

#26 - January 1992 US Government List.

#27 - New York Times, September 13, 1958: 6; and January 1992 US Govenrment List.

#28 - New York Times, May 6, 1960: 7.

#29 - Information from attached CRS issue brief and report.

#30 - John Ranelagh. The Agency: The Rise and Decline of the CIA. New York, Simon and Schuster, 2nd rev. ed., 1987:320.

#31 - CRS Archived Issue Brief 83146, Soviet Downing of a South Korean airliner, January 17, 1984: 18, incorrectly lists the number of crewmembers as 4.

#32 - Olsen, Arthur J. "Arctic Search is Pressed for US Plane Carrying 6," New York Times, July 3, 1960: 1,2; "Searchers for Airmen Sight Raft-Like Object," New York Times, July 5, 1960.

#33 - New York Times, July 3, 1960: 2.